is Argyle just basically nothing more than simply a surname?

Question

or does it have some other meaning?

Answer 1

Most names have some meaning buried deeply in the past.  Argyle is a region in Scotland.  Its historic meaning, apparently, would be "land of the Gaels".

Answer 2

ar·gyle

/ˈärˌɡīl/

noun

noun: argyle; plural noun: argyles

a pattern composed of diamonds of various colors on a plain background, used in knitted garments such as sweaters and socks.

"the traditional argyle design associated with golf"

a sock with an argyle pattern.

Origin

1940s: from Argyll, a family name and a former county of Scotland. The pattern is based on the tartan of the Argyll branch of the Campbell clan.

Answer 3

No.

It is originally a place-name from western Scotland.

It has a number of other uses, but all of them - including the surname - are derived from the name of the place.